A patient with AIDS develops severe headaches. A CT scan demonstrates multiple ring-enhancing lesions of the brain. What diagnosis is most likely?
A. Toxoplasmosis
B. Histoplasmosis
C. lymphoma
D. Cytomegalovirus
E. Herpes encephalitis
Answer: A
Toxo occurs commonly in HTV, and is a parasitic infection causing ring-enhancing lesions (but lots of things can cause ring-enhancing lesions). CMV is common as well and typically causes retinitis. Herpes encephalitis can happen frequently too, but causes a diffuse encephalitis.
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If you are studying for the PANCE or the PANRE I recommend these Review Books.